Piggy's Glasses
Piggy's glasses symbolize seeing the world clearly. Another way of saying this is that Piggy, who wears the glasses, sees reality and his character is the voice of reason. When Piggy's glasses are half broken, his ability to see clearly is diminished and what he sees through the broken glass are splintered images. These splintered visual images are a metaphor for what is happening to the boys on the island as their behavior breaks down and disintegrates into savagery. Also Jack is the character who breaks the glasses and this is symbolic because his savage behavior wrecks Piggy's ability to see clearly.
The Conch
The conch is a symbol of law and order. It also represents power because whoever holds the conch has the power to speak at the assembly. The conch also symbolizes organization. Whenever Ralph blows the conch the kids come together and are united in one group. The conch only has power if people continue to obey its call and this is what Ralph is afraid of. He's worried that he might blow the conch and Jacks gang will ignore it.
The Signal Fire
The smoke form the signal fire is like the string that attaches the boys on this island to civilization. This signal represents connection to life before this crash. It also represents hope. If the signal fire goes out all hope of rescue will die. That is why Ralph gets so angry with the other boys when they let the fire go out. They don't seem to share Ralph's intense desire to get back to their old lives.
The Beast
The beast keeps changing form. First it is something that comes from the sea. Then it is something that comes from the air. The beast is a symbol for whatever fear the boys have. Some boys are afraid of the dark. Some boys are afraid of each other. Some boys are afraid of Jack. The beast is a product of each boy's imagination. It's not real because it is just a feeling of fear and being afraid.
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